COP28 outcomes and initiatives ‘very encouraging’, says Secretary-General of Nordic Council of Ministers


DUBAI: Karen Ellemann, Secretary-General of the Nordic Council of Ministers, shared her expectations on a strong COP28 outcome after an ambitious and positive beginning.

The European official told the Emirates News Agency (WAM) on the sidelines of COP28 events that the outcome and initiatives of the past few days were encouraging, including operationalising the Loss and Damage Fund, adding that ‘there is still a lot of work to be done’.

She praised the inclusion of food security on the COP28 agenda, underscoring the importance of keeping all related topics on the discussion table at all times.

Nordic countries have a large environmental footprint, and therefore all Nordic governments have set very ambitious specific goals to allocate public funding, in cooperation with the private sector, for further advancements in the science and technology sectors, Ellemann explained.

She pointed out that the Nordic Pavilion at COP28 provided a platform to meet, exchange views and ideas, discuss, and gain knowledge.

T
he Nordic Council of Ministers and the Nordic Council are the main forums for official Nordic co-operation, which involves Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Ă…land.
Source: Emirates News Agency

African Development Bank approves $1 billion guarantee to support SA’s Just Energy Transition


DUBAI: The Board of Directors of the African Development Bank Group has approved a US$1 billion guarantee programme in collaboration with the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), which will allow the Bank to increase its lending capacity in support of South Africa’s Just Energy Transition (JET).

Developed in close collaboration with the government of the Republic of South Africa, the programme will support projects aligned with South Africa’s JET investment plan, such as transmission and grid-balancing storage, renewable energy generation, energy efficiency, rehabilitation of municipal electricity delivery, green hydrogen, new electric vehicles. It also includes projects addressing the ‘just’ dimension, notably in the Province of Mpumalanga, in the north-eastern part of the country, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique.

The approval, coming during COP28, where ramping-up climate finance is an issue, is timely and topical. African Development Bank Vice President for Power, Energy, Climate and
Green Growth, Dr. Kevin Kariuki observed, ‘this is another innovative operation that reaffirms AfDB’s leadership in crafting financial solutions to increase access to climate finance for Africa’s low carbon development and net zero ambitions.’

Melinda Bohannon, Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office Director General of Humanitarian and Development stated,’ FCDO remains committed to the Just Energy Transition Partnership with South Africa, which supports green growth and jobs, improves energy security, and helps South Africa achieve its carbon reduction ambitions as set out in its National Determined Contribution. This guarantee will unlock funds for projects within the remit of South Africa’s recently released Just Energy Transition implementation plan. This comes alongside the recently significantly increased grant offer from the International Partners Group, and we are using some of those grants to help develop an investment project pipeline’.

Mmakgoshi Lekhethe, Deputy-Director General for Asset and
Liability Management in South Africa’s National Treasury commented, ‘We are pleased with the approval by the AfDB Board of the guarantee framework that will increase South Africa’s access to funding from the Bank by $1 billion. This marks an important partnership between our government, the UK and AfDB to enhance our ability to implement South Africa’s just energy transition in a way that is just and socially responsible. We look forward to working closely with the AfDB on the preparation and financing of a pipeline of programmes and projects under our just transition priority areas, including those identified in the JET Implementation Plan. As a development bank with vast experience in just transition in the continent, the AfDB is an ideal partner for us on this important initiative’.

Max Ndiaye, Director of Syndications, Co-financing and Client Solutions, noted previous collaboration between the Bank and FCDO, and applauded this transaction as further demonstration of the Bank’s continued efforts to heed t
he G20 recommendations on capital adequacy that call for increased collaboration and additional shareholder support for the balance sheet optimisation of MDBs.

‘By enabling the Bank to increase its lending capacity, this landmark guarantee agreement will greatly support South Africa’s Just Energy Transition,’ noted African Development Bank Director General for Southern Africa, Leila Mokaddem. ‘The African Development Bank remains committed to accompanying South Africa on this important journey,” she added.
Source: Emirates News Agency

COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Water Day secures major commitments to address climate impacts and keep 1.5C within reach


DUBAI: COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Water Day saw major announcements on climate action for both water and food security and decarbonisation, as countries demonstrated their commitment to implement the COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action (the Declaration).

Mariam bint Mohammed Almheiri, UAE Minister of Climate Change and Environment and COP28 Food Systems Lead, said, “To achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, to keep 1.5C within reach, we must address the connection between global food systems, agriculture, and the climate. At COP28, we have built the foundations for action, which commit 152 countries to transform their food systems, and embedding those commitments in their climate strategies, all the while ensuring they are protecting the livelihoods of those who depend on those sectors.

“Together, we must build a global food system that is fit for the future. Today marks an important moment in achieving this.”

COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Wate
r Day closed the Presidency’s two-week thematic programme. The announcements made during the day follow those made during the World Climate Action Summit (WCAS) on 1st December, when 134 countries endorsed the Declaration. Since then, 18 additional countries have stepped forward to endorse it, bringing total signatories to 152.

Reflecting the COP28 UAE’s Presidency’s commitment to inclusion, the COP28 Food, Agriculture and Water Day involved various non-government stakeholders, who were invited to share their perspectives and insights.

This included smallholder and traditional farmers, fishers, and communities who work at the frontline of food system transformation and employ sustainable practices like agroecology, agroforestry, organic farming, paludiculture, and local freshwater management, among others. Private sector leaders also showcased their work in food innovation, nature-positivity, and procurement.

Key announcements on food systems transformation during Food, Agriculture and Water Day included:


The Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate (AIM4Climate)

The Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate (AIM4Climate) announced an increased $3.4 billion in aggregated funding for climate-smart food systems and agriculture, as well as 27 new innovation sprints. Launched by the UAE and the US at COP26, AIM4Climate has evolved into the largest advocacy and coordination platform for increased investment in dual climate-food investment.

– Philanthropic funders announced $389 million to support food producers and consumers

The funding will help to drive the ambitious implementation of the objectives that leaders agreed on in the Declaration.

– Technical Cooperation Collaborative (TCC)

Building on a US$200 million commitment from the COP28 Presidency and a group of international organisations and governments to support the TCC, Italy pledged a further commitment of up to pound 10 million to be made available over the next two years, and the United Kingdom announced a new commitment of GBP45 million over t
he next five years which will be channeled through the World Bank’s Food Systems 2030 Trust Fund.

Commenting on the TCC, Manuel Otero, Director-General of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), said, “This is the right response to the multiple crises we face. The greater the crises, the deeper and more effective the cooperation must be. From the Americas, we also affirm that because of the volume of production and participation in global trade, the agrifood systems of our continent guarantee the world’s food and nutritional security.

“They are not failed agrifood systems, but there is room for improvement. Their transformation must be guided by three principles: farmers must be at the center of efforts, decisions must be based on science, and agriculture must play a key role in climate solutions.”

Dr. Agnes Kalibata, President of AGRA and member of the COP28 Advisory Committee, said, “African leaders have come to COP28 ready to lead on food systems and climate action, as the im
pact of climate change is already being felt in countries across the continent. This collaborative will help respond to the priorities our African leaders brought forward in the African Climate Summit and Africa Food Systems Forum. The need is so great that we must best leverage our combined resources and learn from each other to come through on the bold vision of the COP28 UAE Declaration on Agriculture and Food.

Call to Action for Transforming Food Systems for People, Nature, and Climate

Razan Al Mubarak, UN High Level Champion for COP28 announced that over 200 diverse non-State actors – including farmers, cities, businesses, financial institutions, civil society and philanthropies – have signed the ‘Call to Action for Transforming Food Systems for People, Nature, and Climate’, a complement to the Declaration. Signatories have committed to take ten priority actions to transform food systems. They have also united to call for a set of time-bound, holistic, and global targets by COP29 at the latest, and inc
luded commitments to respect and value the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples.

Convergence Initiative on Food Systems and Climate

The UN Deputy Secretary-General, Amina Mohammed, announced a Convergence Initiative on Food Systems and Climate, which will support countries in their efforts to integrate agriculture and food systems into their climate action plans and help drive momentum towards the objectives of the Declaration. The initiative is supported by the UN Food Systems Coordination Hub in strategic partnership with the COP28 UAE Presidency.

Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program

The COP28 UAE Presidency, FAO, the World Bank, CGIAR and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) announced the creation of the Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program, a three-year program to facilitate dialogue and knowledge-sharing amongst global and regional policymakers. The program aims to drive consensus within the UNFCCC process and ultimately enable countries and regions to unlock fina
nce and support for farmers, food producers, small agribusinesses and local communities.

Commenting on the creation of the Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program, Ismahane Elouafi, Executive Managing Director, CGIAR, said: “If we act urgently to transform our agrifood systems through the adoption of proven technologies and innovations, we can end hunger for all and grow prosperity within safe planetary boundaries. By pooling our efforts, we can support countries, namely in the global south, to develop and implement their national pathways based on science and evidence. Together, with science, we can.”

COP28 Food-Agri-Climate National Action Toolkit for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A taskforce comprised of the FAO, WWF, the NDC Partnership, Climate Focus and the Global Alliance for the Future of Food launched the ‘COP28 Food-Agri-Climate National Action Toolkit for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)’. Created i
n collaboration with the German government, the toolkit will provide guiding principles for governments to enhance their climate policy frameworks and represent a vital resource for countries as they implement the Declaration.

Alliance of Champions for Food Systems Transformation (ACF)

A new coalition was formed by Brazil, Cambodia, Norway and Sierra Leone aimed at helping reorient policies, practices and investment priorities to deliver better food systems outcomes for people, nature and climate. Each country that has formed the ACF pledged to improve their national food systems and build on the progress of the Declaration.

Key water-focused outcomes of the Food, Agriculture and Water Day included:

– COP ministerial dialogue on building water-resilient food systems

The COP28 UAE Presidency and Ministers from more than 25 countries convened the first-ever COP ministerial dialogue on building water-resilient food systems, co-convened by the UAE and Brazil. A two-year partnership was also launched under th
e UNFCCC to assist countries with integrating water and food into their NDCs and NAP, targeting COP30, noting that agriculture accounts for 70 percent of freshwater consumption.

– Water and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Investment Strategy

USD $100 million was announced by Water Equity, raised as part of their Water and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Investment Strategy.

This will seek to leverage impact investments in climate-resilient water infrastructure to enhance the coping capacity for the most vulnerable communities at the urban water system and watershed levels in emerging markets in South and Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.

– Urban Water Catalyst Initiative (UWCI)

Germany and the Netherlands, together with the EU and other international partners, announced the intention to establish the Urban Water Catalyst Initiative (UWCI) at the UN 2023 Water Conference. The UWCI focuses on accelerating urban water utility turnarounds worldwide and mobilising finance for performanc
e improvement, climate-resilient infrastructure investment and improving access to underserved population groups.

At COP28, EUR42 million in funding was announced for the UWCI, including EUR 32 million from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and EUR10 million from the Netherlands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

– Freshwater Challenge

The COP28 UAE Presidency and partners announced more than new 30 country members of the Freshwater Challenge, which commits members to work to protect and restore 30 percent of the Earth’s degraded freshwater ecosystems by 2030. During the Food, Agriculture and Water Day ministerial, members also committed to progress reviews at the upcoming One Water Summit and Ramsar COP.

The announcements today on water build on outcomes from the World Climate Action Summit. The UAE pledged US$150 million in funding for innovation to address water scarcity, and eight Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) announced that they will double the number of pe
ople benefitting annually from their technical and financial support on water within three years.

The COP28 Water Agenda is anchored in its partnership with the Netherlands and Tajikistan. It aims to implement the outcomes of the UN 2023 Water Conference.

Commenting on the COP28 Water Agenda and Freshwater Challenge, Stuart Orr, WWF Freshwater Lead, said, “The climate crisis is a water crisis and the COP28 Presidency has ensured that water is higher up the agenda than ever before. We urgently need to protect and restore our rivers, lakes and wetlands, which are central to mitigation and adaptation.”
Source: Emirates News Agency

UAE convenes mini-ministerial meeting on e-commerce and development


DUBAI: The UAE today convened a Mini-Ministerial meeting to discuss the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) development and electronic commerce agenda ahead of the WTO’s 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13), which will be held from 26th to 29th February 2024 in Abu Dhabi.

Chaired by Dr. Thani Al Zeyoudi, UAE Minister of State for Foreign Trade, the virtual meeting brought together 37 Ministers from WTO member countries to build consensus, promote constructive dialogue and advance progress on development and e-commerce moratorium matters, with the aim of ensuring positive outcomes during MC13.

Dr Thani Al Zeyoudi said, ‘As an engine for economic growth and development, facilitating e-commerce and harnessing its potential has become integral. At the same time, it is crucial to recognize the challenges faced by developing country Members, especially the world’s least developed nations. WTO members have an opportunity at MC13 to deliver meaningful outcomes for developing countries, while preserving regulatory certai
nty for electronic commerce, the fastest-growing segment of the global economy.’

The WTO’s 1998 moratorium on customs duties for electronic transmissions obliges Members not to impose customs duties on ‘electronic transmissions,’ which are generally — though not universally — understood as trade in intangibles like streamed multimedia. The moratorium continues to play a foundational role in the growth of cross-border digital trade by ensuring regulatory continuity for a sector valued at US$26.7 trillion in 2019.

The Ministerial Conference is the topmost decision-making body of the WTO and can take decisions on all matters under any of its multilateral trade agreements. MC13 is regarded as an important meeting for the Geneva-based trade body as its 164 Members seek to mitigate the growing challenges of supply-chain disruption, protectionism and climate change.
Source: Emirates News Agency

COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Water Day secures major commitments to address climate impacts and keep 1.5C within reach


DUBAI: COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Water Day saw major announcements on climate action for both water and food security and decarbonisation, as countries demonstrated their commitment to implement the COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action (the Declaration).

Mariam bint Mohammed Almheiri, UAE Minister of Climate Change and Environment and COP28 Food Systems Lead, said, “To achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, to keep 1.5C within reach, we must address the connection between global food systems, agriculture, and the climate. At COP28, we have built the foundations for action, which commit 152 countries to transform their food systems, and embedding those commitments in their climate strategies, all the while ensuring they are protecting the livelihoods of those who depend on those sectors.

“Together, we must build a global food system that is fit for the future. Today marks an important moment in achieving this.”

COP28’s Food, Agriculture and Wate
r Day closed the Presidency’s two-week thematic programme. The announcements made during the day follow those made during the World Climate Action Summit (WCAS) on 1st December, when 134 countries endorsed the Declaration. Since then, 18 additional countries have stepped forward to endorse it, bringing total signatories to 152.

Reflecting the COP28 UAE’s Presidency’s commitment to inclusion, the COP28 Food, Agriculture and Water Day involved various non-government stakeholders, who were invited to share their perspectives and insights.

This included smallholder and traditional farmers, fishers, and communities who work at the frontline of food system transformation and employ sustainable practices like agroecology, agroforestry, organic farming, paludiculture, and local freshwater management, among others. Private sector leaders also showcased their work in food innovation, nature-positivity, and procurement.

Key announcements on food systems transformation during Food, Agriculture and Water Day included:


The Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate (AIM4Climate)

The Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate (AIM4Climate) announced an increased $3.4 billion in aggregated funding for climate-smart food systems and agriculture, as well as 27 new innovation sprints. Launched by the UAE and the US at COP26, AIM4Climate has evolved into the largest advocacy and coordination platform for increased investment in dual climate-food investment.

– Philanthropic funders announced $389 million to support food producers and consumers

The funding will help to drive the ambitious implementation of the objectives that leaders agreed on in the Declaration.

– Technical Cooperation Collaborative (TCC)

Building on a US$200 million commitment from the COP28 Presidency and a group of international organisations and governments to support the TCC, Italy pledged a further commitment of up to pound 10 million to be made available over the next two years, and the United Kingdom announced a new commitment of GBP45 million over t
he next five years which will be channeled through the World Bank’s Food Systems 2030 Trust Fund.

Commenting on the TCC, Manuel Otero, Director-General of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), said, “This is the right response to the multiple crises we face. The greater the crises, the deeper and more effective the cooperation must be. From the Americas, we also affirm that because of the volume of production and participation in global trade, the agrifood systems of our continent guarantee the world’s food and nutritional security.

“They are not failed agrifood systems, but there is room for improvement. Their transformation must be guided by three principles: farmers must be at the center of efforts, decisions must be based on science, and agriculture must play a key role in climate solutions.”

Dr. Agnes Kalibata, President of AGRA and member of the COP28 Advisory Committee, said, “African leaders have come to COP28 ready to lead on food systems and climate action, as the im
pact of climate change is already being felt in countries across the continent. This collaborative will help respond to the priorities our African leaders brought forward in the African Climate Summit and Africa Food Systems Forum. The need is so great that we must best leverage our combined resources and learn from each other to come through on the bold vision of the COP28 UAE Declaration on Agriculture and Food.

Call to Action for Transforming Food Systems for People, Nature, and Climate

Razan Al Mubarak, UN High Level Champion for COP28 announced that over 200 diverse non-State actors – including farmers, cities, businesses, financial institutions, civil society and philanthropies – have signed the ‘Call to Action for Transforming Food Systems for People, Nature, and Climate’, a complement to the Declaration. Signatories have committed to take ten priority actions to transform food systems. They have also united to call for a set of time-bound, holistic, and global targets by COP29 at the latest, and inc
luded commitments to respect and value the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples.

Convergence Initiative on Food Systems and Climate

The UN Deputy Secretary-General, Amina Mohammed, announced a Convergence Initiative on Food Systems and Climate, which will support countries in their efforts to integrate agriculture and food systems into their climate action plans and help drive momentum towards the objectives of the Declaration. The initiative is supported by the UN Food Systems Coordination Hub in strategic partnership with the COP28 UAE Presidency.

Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program

The COP28 UAE Presidency, FAO, the World Bank, CGIAR and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) announced the creation of the Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program, a three-year program to facilitate dialogue and knowledge-sharing amongst global and regional policymakers. The program aims to drive consensus within the UNFCCC process and ultimately enable countries and regions to unlock fina
nce and support for farmers, food producers, small agribusinesses and local communities.

Commenting on the creation of the Agrifood Sharm-El Sheikh Support Program, Ismahane Elouafi, Executive Managing Director, CGIAR, said: “If we act urgently to transform our agrifood systems through the adoption of proven technologies and innovations, we can end hunger for all and grow prosperity within safe planetary boundaries. By pooling our efforts, we can support countries, namely in the global south, to develop and implement their national pathways based on science and evidence. Together, with science, we can.”

COP28 Food-Agri-Climate National Action Toolkit for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A taskforce comprised of the FAO, WWF, the NDC Partnership, Climate Focus and the Global Alliance for the Future of Food launched the ‘COP28 Food-Agri-Climate National Action Toolkit for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)’. Created i
n collaboration with the German government, the toolkit will provide guiding principles for governments to enhance their climate policy frameworks and represent a vital resource for countries as they implement the Declaration.

Alliance of Champions for Food Systems Transformation (ACF)

A new coalition was formed by Brazil, Cambodia, Norway and Sierra Leone aimed at helping reorient policies, practices and investment priorities to deliver better food systems outcomes for people, nature and climate. Each country that has formed the ACF pledged to improve their national food systems and build on the progress of the Declaration.

Key water-focused outcomes of the Food, Agriculture and Water Day included:

– COP ministerial dialogue on building water-resilient food systems

The COP28 UAE Presidency and Ministers from more than 25 countries convened the first-ever COP ministerial dialogue on building water-resilient food systems, co-convened by the UAE and Brazil. A two-year partnership was also launched under th
e UNFCCC to assist countries with integrating water and food into their NDCs and NAP, targeting COP30, noting that agriculture accounts for 70 percent of freshwater consumption.

– Water and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Investment Strategy

USD $100 million was announced by Water Equity, raised as part of their Water and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Investment Strategy.

This will seek to leverage impact investments in climate-resilient water infrastructure to enhance the coping capacity for the most vulnerable communities at the urban water system and watershed levels in emerging markets in South and Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.

– Urban Water Catalyst Initiative (UWCI)

Germany and the Netherlands, together with the EU and other international partners, announced the intention to establish the Urban Water Catalyst Initiative (UWCI) at the UN 2023 Water Conference. The UWCI focuses on accelerating urban water utility turnarounds worldwide and mobilising finance for performanc
e improvement, climate-resilient infrastructure investment and improving access to underserved population groups.

At COP28, EUR42 million in funding was announced for the UWCI, including EUR 32 million from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and EUR10 million from the Netherlands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

– Freshwater Challenge

The COP28 UAE Presidency and partners announced more than new 30 country members of the Freshwater Challenge, which commits members to work to protect and restore 30 percent of the Earth’s degraded freshwater ecosystems by 2030. During the Food, Agriculture and Water Day ministerial, members also committed to progress reviews at the upcoming One Water Summit and Ramsar COP.

The announcements today on water build on outcomes from the World Climate Action Summit. The UAE pledged US$150 million in funding for innovation to address water scarcity, and eight Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) announced that they will double the number of pe
ople benefitting annually from their technical and financial support on water within three years.

The COP28 Water Agenda is anchored in its partnership with the Netherlands and Tajikistan. It aims to implement the outcomes of the UN 2023 Water Conference.

Commenting on the COP28 Water Agenda and Freshwater Challenge, Stuart Orr, WWF Freshwater Lead, said, “The climate crisis is a water crisis and the COP28 Presidency has ensured that water is higher up the agenda than ever before. We urgently need to protect and restore our rivers, lakes and wetlands, which are central to mitigation and adaptation.”
Source: Emirates News Agency

First Abu Dhabi Bank partners with Archireef to restore UAE’s coral reefs


ABU DHABI: First Abu Dhabi Bank (FAB) today announced a strategic partnership with Archireef, the pioneering nature-tech company dedicated to the restoration of degraded marine ecosystems.

FAB has committed to fund the deployment of 100 square meters of Archireef’s 3D printed Reef Tiles to support the recovery process and development of underwater natural ecosystems off the coast of Abu Dhabi.

The partnership will see 400 units of Archireef’s patented Reef Tiles (100 sqm) placed in Arabian Gulf waters in and around the Abu Dhabi emirate, providing a new home for 2,400 corals. Based on previous deployments, the tiles should also produce improvements in biodiversity, especially fish and invertebrates.

Archireef will actively restore degraded coral reefs using its patented technology, using tiles 3D-printed in terracotta clay in the UAE.

FAB’s retail banking customers will be part of the project, with the opportunity to play an active role in the deployment of the artificial Reef Tiles, learn about marine bi
odiversity, and witness the program’s continuing impact.

The Reef Tiles have proven to be a game changer in coral restoration efforts, boasting an impressive coral survivorship rate of 95 percent, outperforming traditional methods by more than four times. This achievement has earned Archireef recognition from organisations such as the World Economic Forum (WEF), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, and Geneva Inventions.

The objective of the UAE project is to contribute towards counteracting the effects of coral loss. On a global level, more than 50 percent of the world’s coral cover has been lost to date. Across the world, reduced coastal protection leads to a decrease in the ocean economy which impacts food availability.
Source: Emirates News Agency